Organizational conflict Essay

Conflict can arise when two or more people or individuals in an organisation have different interests and they pursue these interests intensely. It can also occur when people in a group have different opinions about something even though they both are working to attain the same goal; they just cannot agree on how to go about it. Therefore, conflict can be defined as a process that starts when one individual or group believes that another is negatively affecting their progress in something. Conflict is also an interactive process manifested in incompatibility, disagreement, dissonance between two social entities, e. g. individuals, groups or organisations. Causes of conflict in an organisation Some of the causes of conflict in an organisation include; 1. Poor communication – some individuals in organisations can be rude, or messages can be misinterpreted due to bad communication etiquette or poor communication. This therefore leads to conflict between individuals. 2. Scarce resources or time – when the resources are scarce, people tend to fight over the ones available, for instance, if there is only one photocopier in an organisation of about 20 people and most people want to make copies at the same time, then they will tend to argue over it, others might want to make copies before others maybe because of deadline issues. 3. Poor performance and its associated pressures – if an employee is performing poorly, the supervisors or those above him/her would be very harsh and pressurize them to complete tasks in time, or improve the quality. This can cause conflict between the two. The employee can even get fired for such. 4. Ambiguity in tasks or goals for a team and its members – some team leaders or supervisors, set goals that cannot be achieved or give out tasks to their juniors. This can cause hatred and conflict, causing them not to get along 5. Struggles for power and favour – employees in most organisations are always in a competition for power and favours from those in management. They always seek promotions from their current positions to higher positions in the organisation. Therefore, if two people are fighting for the same position, they get to be in conflict with one another. 6. Social Inequality – There are social classes in all organisations, those that are rich, the middle class and the poor. There can be discrimination with regard to the same whereby the rich oppress the poor, for instance the workers who serve tea or clean the washrooms in organisations can be discriminated upon by the managers who view themselves to be in a higher social class than them. 7. Differing Inter-organisational Values – People in an organisation have different values; for instance, one can be humble and full of integrity while another can be very aggressive, and rude. These values that people hold can cause conflict between individuals. Effects of conflict in an organisation Organizational conflict can have either positive or negative effect to the organisation, some of these effects include; 1. Change- Conflict accelerates change in an organization, especially in small businesses, where it is easy to formulate and implement new policies. Conflict prompts modification of policies and operation procedures in the organization. When the conflict is extreme, an organisation may conduct a complete overhaul of its leadership, bringing in new managers with ideas. 2. Decrease in Productivity – when an organization spends much of its time dealing with conflict, members tend to focus less on the project at hand and more on conflict. As a result, organizations can lose money, donors and access to essential resources. 3. Innovation – Conflict that results into healthy competition cultivates innovation and inventiveness amongst employees. In times of conflict, there is a high sense of necessity that results into the emergence of divergent viewpoints amongst employees. 4. Waste of Time and Resources – The business may lose precious time and resources at times of conflict. Instead of concentrating on meeting their objectives, employees waste time on divisive issues. Misuse of business materials and funds is quite rampant when conflicting parties engage in â€Å"warfare. † Wrangles, stress and emotional confrontations reduce the workers’ productivity, and eventually, the profitability of the business. 5. Violence – When conflict increases without mediation, intense situations may arise between organization members. It’s unfortunate, but organizational conflicts may cause violence among members, resulting in legal problems for members and possibly the organization. 6. Members Leave Organization -Organization members who are increasingly frustrated with the level of conflict within an organization may decide to end their membership. Strategies of managing conflict in an organisation There are five main approaches or strategies for managing conflict between individuals in an organisation; 1. Avoiding – this occurs when both parties realize that they are in conflict but act by withdrawing from it or postponing the conflict. It is a very passive approach and is best used as a stopgap measure to give oneself time to decide how best to resolve the underlying problem that is causing the conflict. 2. Accommodating – this occurs when one side resolves the conflict by giving in to the other side at the expense of at least one of his or her interests or needs. It is also a passive approach but it can be rational if the other party has too much power and is willing to use it. Accommodating might be useful if the relationship between the people in conflict is more important to them than the conflict itself, thus each side might be inclined to accommodate the other. 3. Compromising – this occurs when both sides gain or lose in order to resolve the conflict making each side both partially satisfied and partially dissatisfied. 4. Forcing – This occurs when one side decides to satisfy their own needs regardless of the impact on the other side. It is a very aggressive approach. 5. Collaborating – this is an attempt made by one or both parties to fully satisfy the needs of both parties. It assumes that both sides have legitimate goals and that creative thinking can transform conflict into an opportunity for both of them to achieve their goals.

Using Blended Learning To Improve Student Performance Education Essay

I have questioned the over accent of traditional schoolroom instruction to pupils who are at easiness with engineering. It continues to be an country of serious concern to me a lecturer/tutor. It is good known that today ‘s pupils are different from pupils who grew up in a non-technological textual universe of books and really small multi-media. These digital age scholars seem to be at easiness with engineering. If I am to do an impact on my pupils ‘ larning it is sensible for me to include engineering in my instruction. I propose hence in this research undertaking to utilize blended acquisition where I can intermix the traditional face-to-face bringing manner of learning with the usage of the societal technologies- wiki, Edublogs, facebook, myspace, Google physician and electronic mail to supply for the online larning /virtual experience for pupils. By so making I hope to widen larning beyond the schoolroom and promote pupil battle in the acquisition procedure. It is my purpose to breed more communicating, coaction, creativeness and sharing information and thoughts among pupils in a short summer class at the UWI. My end is to better pupil public presentation in category and in the concluding scrutiny in the MGMTO43 Information systems Design 11course. I believe that engineering, particularly societal engineerings, should be an built-in portion of learning in the twenty-first century My research describes the attack I used to ease blended acquisition in this class. It identifies the challenges I faced, the infrastructural issues in the schoolroom assigned for the topic which negatively impacting on the original construct I had for class bringing ; the accommodations I had to do to finish the class, my pupils strategic behavior and demands made of me by them during the class. I besides analyse the responses to the pre-course and post-course studies which were undertaken by me and my contemplations as a consequence of making this undertaking. I believe that I have growing intellectually from the procedure and that I shall go on to polish my practice as a lector. I have learned from my pupils. Chapter 1 Introduction My action research survey focuses on the inquiry: How can I utilize blended acquisition to better pupil public presentation in an undergraduate class at the University of the West Indies, Faculty of Social Sciences summer programme. Chapter 2 explores the context of my survey sketching my experiences as a instructor in the instruction system of Trinidad and Tobago. It inside informations my entry in instruction and my early pattern as a instructor at modeling heads of pupils ; depicting my booby traps in footings of my pedagogical practice, the influences of my wise mans and the traditional attack to educating pupils in our instruction system. It goes on to briefly explicate the historical pattern by pedagogues of concentrating on the academically inclined pupils banishing those with different larning manners and describes to overemphasis by the society as a whole on pupil public presentations ( base on ballss ) in national scrutinies as a standard for success or failure of a school. The chapter besides highlights the impact of my exposure to instruction theory and teaching/learning methodological analysiss which have transformed my attack to learning puting the pupil at the Centre of my pattern as a lector. It explores my involvement in engineering in instruction, peculiarly web2.0 societal engineerings and how these platforms positively impacts the teaching/learning dealing ; leting for coaction, communicating, creativeness and sharing of information, supplying for the development of larning communities. I besides explore the construct of Digital Natives or Digital Age Learners and analyse blended acquisition as a teaching/learning methodological analysis from different positions, associating the thought to my grounds for utilizing action research to research intermixing larning as a method for bettering pupil public presentation. Chapter 3 inside informations my methodological analysis in this undertaking. I explore briefly the positions of research in instruction, foregrounding the scientific, interpretative and action point of views. I seek to explicate why the interpretive attack is valid as a method in instruction research and why in the probe of ‘peoples ‘ or ‘students ‘ issues quantification as used in the scientific method may non be every bit valid as making, given the subjective issues involved. I discuss the nature of my research associating my experiences as a instructor at both the primary and secondary sectors and my actions as an pedagogue in the schoolroom. I discuss in some item the research procedure in this survey, depicting the environment in which I functioned, the challenges I faced and how I overcame those challenges. I described my initial interaction with the pupils, the stairss I took to beg their understanding to take part in the survey, the paperss I used and their responses. I besides indentify the ethical issues involved in the survey and how I handled such issues. Chapter 4 describes the action research procedure in some item. I provide a description of the continuance of the survey ; how the pupils responded, their concerns, the challenges I faced in the schoolroom based on the institutional agreements made for the class. I farther explained my premises with respect to what I perceived as basic demands for any blended acquisition activity e.g. pupils holding internet entree at place and in category ; the establishment supplying internet entree in the schoolroom and disposal efficiency. When such facilitations are absent the negative impacts on one ‘s program are important. I detailed some of these issues and how the pupils reacted. I explore issues which arose in the executing of the survey with mention to the teaching/learning dealing, the pupils concerns and how I negotiated solutions. I detailed the pre-course questionnaire and findings and how these determination impacted the attack the survey. In supplying a comprehensive analysis of the questionnaire, I used a series of diagrammatic representations to demo the pupils ‘ responses to the single inquiries. This chapter besides gives a item history the Sessionss as they occurred and the issues I had to meet. Finally, a contemplation on this experience is provided. Chapter 5 focal points on the discussion/analysis of the blended acquisition survey. I provide an history of the action research from the positions of the research inquiries by set abouting an analysis of each of the four research inquiries: Does Blended Learning enhance pupil public presentation in the schoolroom? How can I utilize a blended acquisition attack to better the schoolroom and scrutiny public presentation of pupils in the MGMT 043X class at UWI? How do I reconstitute the MGMT 043X class content to heighten blended larning class bringing to aline with pupils larning manners? Does a Blended Learning attack affect the acquisition manners of pupils? In analysing each inquiry I seek to place the sentiments of the taking research workers and supply snapshots of their research, explicating my ain experiences, defects, accommodations made and contemplation on pupils ‘ public presentation in the short class on planing information systems. I discuss my world in footings of the existent teaching/learning environment – the engineering, the institutional agreements and the accommodations I had to do in the context of the research inquiries. I besides remark to the responses the post-course study in footings of pupil responses to the issues they faced in a blended acquisition environment. Chapter 2CONTEXT OF STUDY2.1 My Experience as a Teacher/LecturerTeaching has been the chief profession I have engaged in throughout my life. I have been influenced by the best of instructors and the worst of instructors, both at primary every bit good as secondary degree. What is important to me, nevertheless, is the important impact, both consciously and unconsciously, instructors have on their pupils. As a instructor I have had to invariably oppugn my public presentation in the instruction /learning dealing because my major aim has ever been to guarantee that my pupils did good in their scrutinies. This was what mattered most since my category and my school was judged by society at big as a ‘good ‘ or ‘bad ‘ depending on the consequences of scrutinies ; whether Common Entrance or SSEC/CAPE. This was the ground I spent long hours in schoolrooms boring my pupils. As a college lector I perpetuated the same myth of difficult work and concern for my pupils by air ing content and boring them on content. Yet I, like many of my co-workers complained bitterly when they underperformed in scrutinies. The fact is that I was perpetuating an educational systemic job of non providing for the â€Å" academically otherwise able † pupils ; the persons who were slow, weak, had different acquisition manners and whose endowments I was unable to tap into because of my attacks to learning and larning. I failed many of my pupils, partially because of my ignorance and rawness in the theory and pattern of instruction. Drudy and Lynch, ( 1993 ) have commented on this systemic failure which continues to happen in our instruction system when they opined: â€Å" Failure in school is construed as a job of single incapacity: we blame the victim for the insufficiency of the system, and the victim in bend internalises a sense of personal failure through the uninterrupted experience of being labelled † . Why was I judged by the society and my braces in the profession as a ‘good ‘ or ‘bad ‘ teacher/lecturer depending on how many of my pupils performed magnificently in scrutinies? What caused this over accent on the per centum of pupils who passed their scrutinies from my category? Like so many other teachers/lecturers, the perceptual experience of â€Å" excellence † was linked to scrutiny base on ballss. Humphreys ( 1993 ) asserts that: â€Å" instruction is non merely about developing rational and occupational accomplishments ; it is besides about assisting pupils to understand and value themselves. † These thoughts were merely non in my consciousness ; as were the other pedagogical issues ab initio, which were of small concern to me -how my pupils learn, my bringing manners, their acquisition manners, my method of pupil appraisal, my failure to implement group and independent acquisition, my ignorance of the impact of schoolroom environment, the important relationship between my pupils societal, environmental, psychological and cultural backgrounds which impacted on their ability to execute academically in the schoolroom. I have since recognised the cardinal significance of each of these issues in the context of my pupils ‘ public presentation and the hugh impact each has on my function as teacher/lecturer. Over the past decennaries, I have been exposed to new thoughts and educational constructs about instruction and acquisition. I have agreed with ( Gardener, 1991 ) thoughts on multiple intelligences, ( Bloom, 1956 ) taxonomy, every bit good as Dale ‘s cone of experience among others. More late, I have been exposed to the theories and thoughts of instruction and acquisition in a formal scene as I undertake surveies and research at the University of the West Indies in Teaching and Learning in higher instruction. This alone experience has helped me to transform my original instruction doctrine leting me to be at a occasion where I believe that all instruction should be humanistic. I focus on the pupil. I have besides recognized the cardinal function that engineering dramas in twenty-first century instruction. I am a truster in the power of web 2.0 ( O'reilly, 2005 ) societal engineerings in instruction in the context of advancing communicating, coaction, critical thought, creativeness, sharing, reaping of digital learning resources and the publicity of life-long acquisition. I am convinced that digital indigens ( Presnky, 2001 ) and digital age scholars ( ISTE, 2010 ) learn otherwise from digital immigrants and accordingly, I need to concentrate more on a constructivist attack to acquisition ; guiding, negociating and animating pupils to voyage their ain acquisition, leting for more student battle in the teaching/learning procedure. The chief aim of my schoolroom dealing in higher instruction is to prosecute and act upon my pupils to get cognition ; to construct on their real-life experiences and to guarantee that they learn. As of import as scrutinies are, my focal point is on larning, in all its contexts. I have besides observed the impact that engineering is holding on my pupils in their day-to-day lives, particularly those 30 old ages and younger- Digital Natives or Digital Age Learners ( Prensky, 2001, ISTE, 2010 ) . As a effect, I have had to do accommodations to my schoolroom minutess. Broadcasting can no longer be my chief manner of learning nor can the blackboard be my chief tool for learning. I need to utilize a scope of learning manners, fiting my bringing with their acquisition manners and guarantee that I meet the diverse larning demands of my pupils. It is against this background that I have embarked on this action research undertaking to happen out how I can utilize blended acquisition to better the public presentation of my pupils in an information engineering subject-Designing Information System II, a short class at the Summer School conducted by the Social Sciences Faculty of the University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus. My research focuses on how I shall utilize Blended Learning to assist better the public presentation of pupils in the MGMT 0433 Designing Information Systems II class so that they are successful at the end-of-course scrutiny. I shall seek to happen out what accounts for the successes I achieve, the challenges I face, the impact of blended acquisition on the pupils public presentation, their response to blended acquisition, their initial and post class constructs about the method, the institutional agreements which positively and negatively impact on the class aims and larning results, my pupils ‘ contemplations and eventually my ain analysis and contemplations on this experience. 2.2 What is Blended Learning? In subjecting my proposal for this action research I opined the undermentioned thoughts: â€Å" Traditional teacher-centric attacks allow for inactive response of educational content, do non aline with learning manners of many pupils, is teacher/classroom-centred, non pupil -centred, do non let for real-world experiences and by and large concentrate chiefly on summational appraisal. By itself, the traditional teacher-centric, airing attack to content bringing in higher instruction is non run intoing the varying demands of today ‘s technology-enriched digital age scholars, runing in an prosecuting technologically advanced societal environment. More significantly, the cohort of mature working, parttime pupils who by and large entree the eventide programmes at higher acquisition establishments are hampered by the limited contact-time with the lector ( by and large 3 hours per hebdomad ) . There is a demand for such pupils to pass on with their lectors beyond the category room session ; whether in groups or separately, to be exposed to excess beginnings of content, both print and on-line, societal platforms for communicating, coaction and sharing of thoughts. Blended larning provides these advantages. † I see blended acquisition as leting for the pupil to associate his/her acquisition manner with my methods of bringing in the schoolroom and besides enabling the communicating, coaction, sharing and co-authoring of content, thoughts, resources and solutions to inquiries in the MGMT 0344 class beyond the confines of the hebdomadal category and tutorial session. The thought of the â€Å" blend † in acquisition is supported by ( Garnham and Kaleta, 2002 ; Singh, 2003 ; Bonk and Graham, 2005 ; Albrecht, 2006 ; Lloyd-Smith, 2009 ) . In a broader context Blended Learning is intercrossed larning normally defined as a mixture of traditional face-to-face acquisition with instructions together with the elements of engineering where online resources are created, organized and placed on Learning Management Systems ( LMS ) . The attack besides incorporates a scope of constructivist mechanisms including the placing of capable content, quizzes, mystifiers, games and simulations, usage of real-time and asynchronous treatments. In a blended acquisition method, larning content can be utilized from Webpages or Website-based learning objects or organized as online activities. This method is now been recognized as a major methodological analysis for improved pupil public presentation in higher instruction. The detonation of societal engineerings in inst ruction e.g. ( youtube, edutube, facebook, frickr, myspace, chirrup etc. ) used by digital indigens and to a lesser extent digital immigrants, and their positive impact on the higher instruction environment has necessitated a reconsideration of the bringing methods used in talk halls. The thought of anyplace, anytime larning is a world in higher instruction today. Blended learning environments provide the most important characteristics for this sort of larning. Based on the above thoughts, my action research seeks to happen out the relationship between the usage of a blended acquisition bringing manner and pupil public presentation in the MGMT 0344X class faculty. 2.3 Blended Learning: The Different Positions a ) The Student & A ; Lecturer There are different positions with regard to the context, usage and impact of blended acquisition as a methodological analysis of bringing in higher instruction. The thought of betterment in pupil public presentation is critical and besides indispensable. One finds in the literature, research on blended larning from the position of the scholar ( Chen & A ; Jones, 2007 ; Delialioglu and Yildirim, 2007 ; Orhan, 2007 ; Burgess, 2008 ; Greener, 2008 ; Jusoff, K. & A ; Khodabandelou, 2009 ; Lloyd-Smith, 2009 ; Miyazoe and Anderson, 2010 ) ; the instructor ( Draffan and Rainger, 2006 ; Robertson, 2008 ; Motteram & A ; Sharma, 2009 ; Miyazoe, & A ; Anderson,2010 ) ; the higher learning establishment ( Singh, 2003 ; Francis & A ; Raftery, 2005 ; Albrecht, 2006 ) and from pedagogic pattern and doctrine ( Shank,2002 ) . A figure of surveies in the literature besides point to intermix acquisition as a mechanism for improved public presentation of pupils taking class faculties in higher instruction ( Gray, 1999 ; Black, 2002 ; Gunter, 2001 ; Sanders & A ; Morrison-Shetlar, 2001 ; Yildirim, 2005 ; Greener, 2008 ) . Although still in germinating phases, these action research surveies indicate the demand for alternate attacks to the bringing of classs and the debut of engineering in the teaching/ larning dealing. However, there is still a important function for the lector ; particularly in the beginning of a faculty when there is demand for counsel, way and motive ; when student-student coaction and larning community is non yet developed ( Greener, 2008 ) . She farther asserted that face-to-face Sessionss in the blended acquisition environment are critical and intense but non as frequent. The end is to heighten student-centred acquisition and autonomous acquisition. Chen and Jones, ( 2007 ) make reference of lucidity of instructions in the traditional manner and a greater apprehension of the constructs in the blended manner. Thus a combination of clear instructions and greater apprehension of constructs could accrue if pupils are exposed to a blended acquisition environment. This thought is supported by ( Greener, 2008 ) who suggested that little group size was appropriate as a instruction scheme that dynamically mediated on-line treatment and offered encouragement and support, particularly in the preliminary phases of a class faculty. Though this is the ideal state of affairs it must be noted that blended acquisition can besides be used successfully in big categories. Delialioglu and Yildirim, ( 2007 ) opined that blended larning bridged the properties of on-line instruction- efficiency, sufficiency and freedom to entree information anytime with the features of traditional schoolroom direction ; such as leting pupils to concentrate on new information presented in add-on to working with equals and teacher in category. The major focal point in both methods of delivery-traditional and online should be on faculty redesign to magnify the wagess of both manners of direction. This is critical to the improved public presentation required of pupils, since the purpose is ever to guarantee that the acquisition manners of all pupils in a category are activated, given the different manners of bringing and the exposure to engineerings that allow for sharing, coaction, equal coaching, communicating and contemplation. Burgess, ( 2008 ) focused on blended acquisition from the position of its suitableness for parttime mature pupils. The impact of the first loop of the blended attack to a fiscal faculty resulted in 8 % betterment of parttime pupils ‘ Markss. Whereas 50 % of parttime pupils asked for clip extensions or grants for subjecting assignments antecedently, merely one asked in the first loop of blended acquisition. Students who missed categories because of work were less dying because the class content was available on Moodle. The illation to be drawn from these findings is that there are a figure of positive results to pupils taking a class in higher instruction utilizing blended manner whether full-time or parttime. In the instance of parttime pupils the entree to content 24/7, the ability to work with equals in real-time and online, to pass on with lecturer/s in category and on-line, the ability to work in groups or equals in-class and online and the ability to develop learning communities are advantages which impact positively on their public presentation. There is go oning grounds, that blended acquisition does lend positively to student attitude and hence their public presentation in class faculties. B ) Higher Learning Institutions & A ; Programs The reappraisal so far has focused on blended acquisition from the position of the pupil. Higher acquisition establishments besides play a critical function in the development of blended acquisition to the extent that they can supply blended larning programmes to run into the many-faceted demands of their pupil population. Singh, ( 2003 ) focused chiefly on the holistic demands for a blended acquisition programme ( from an institutional point of view ) supplying what he calls the dimensions and ingredients for blended acquisition programmes. He besides seeks to supply a theoretical account for making what he calls the ‘appropriated blend ‘ in such programmes which trades both with the single class and jointly, the acquisition experience. The findings suggest an institutional position is besides important to the thought of blended acquisition. The deductions here are notable in the context of instructional criterions for blended acquisition programms across higher acquisition establishments modules. His usage of ( Khan ‘s, 2005 ) Octagonal model is informative as it provides for a thorough usher for the production of blended larning programmes in higher acquisition establishments. Albrecht, ( 2006 ) on the other manus dressed ores on the efforts by North American higher acquisition establishments to develop blended acquisition programmes ; He postulates careful planning, institutional support and a willingness of module to utilize engineering as the most critical elements for success in any such transmutation of class bringing manners ; foregrounding the demand for close attending to be paid the single differences and larning manners of pupils to give improved pupil public presentation. ( Francis & A ; Raftery, 2005 ) advocated the demand for rethinking the acquisition demands for today ‘s scholars in the context of the proviso of edifices which will advance acquisition, including blended acquisition. They opined that existent and practical acquisition environments are complementary and should let for seamless passage between the two by both lectors and pupils. They indicated the demand for coaction and entree to engineering services to supply a blended acquisition environment which promotes collaborative, student-centred, technology-enhanced acquisition which is institutionally derived and supported. This attack is in sink with ( Singh, 2003 and Albretch, 2006 ) . There is hence a distinguishable focal point on the establishment as a driver and protagonist of blended acquisition at the macro degree to assist better pupil public presentation. The literature alerts the reader to the broad scope of considerations which must be taken into history by higher instruction establishments which are engaged in the development of blend larning programmes. It besides focuses on the critical demands for the development of an attack rooted in the teaching method which facilitates the apprehension of the issues to be identified and clarified in order to use blended acquisition as a mechanism to help in the betterment of pupils ‘ performance.This analysis therefore identifies three positions from which to originate blended acquisition, whether a class or programme: 1. the student/lecturer, 2. the institution/course and 3. the engineering ; all of which aid to better pupils ‘ public presentation. These thoughts would be used to find to what extent blended acquisition can better pupil public presentation in the MGMT 043X class in the 2010 Summer Programme of the St Augustine Campus. The information gathered would assist to find what characteristics of blended larning addition pupil ‘s public presentation and how the usage of ICT engineering impacts the teaching/learning. Chapter 3 Methodology Chapter two contextualises my learning experience and how instruction. Methodological issues are the topic of chapter three. Chapter four trades with the research in item In chapter five I examine the chief countries of apprehension and growing which I experienced as a consequence of the research Chapter six concludes my research as I reflect on how I will better my pattern in the hereafter, the unsolved issues which arose during the research, and the strengths I have gained through my engagement with action research which will assist me to face future educational challenges.

A World Without Sound Essay Sample

â€Å"I don’t want to be bothered by noise. I’m tired of hearing atrocious things. † I do non kick anymore†¦ good. about noise at least. I am now deaf. I see smiling faces but can non hear laughter. I am able to feel concern and fright. but no longer can I hear someone’s calls and shrieks. Spoken discourse differs from written because one is able to set up emotionally the way of the conversation through voice. The inflexion of one’s voice can alter the signifier of the words to show peculiar properties. â€Å"She talks a batch. † can be said with a somber tone because it is factual. If it is said with backtalk. person finds the girl’s gabbing to be an irritation. Life has non changed drastically. Most of what I did as a hearing individual I am able to make now. but I miss â€Å"smaller things. † I miss telling takeaway over the telephone and waking up to birds peeping. I even miss being awoken by the Sirens on exigency vehicles tardily at dark. I am non entirely in this silent universe ; everyone is deaf. Everyone has fallen victim to a awful virus. No 1 is certain as to how or why the virus came approximately. The deafening virus is viewed both positively and negatively. I find comfort in sharing my experience with friends. household. and even aliens. Everyone throughout the universe is confronting a similar state of affairs: life without sound. Deafness has ever existed ; there are audile instructors and address healers that have been educated and trained to help persons sing partial or entire hearing loss. Unfortunately. the universe population outnumbers these persons. and they. excessively are deaf. Hearing AIDSs and cochlear implants are available. excessively. to help with hearing loss. However. to keep these devices can be dearly-won. and in the instance of cochlear implants. invasive surgery is required. Documented every bit early as the 5th century B. C. in Plato’s Cratylus. groups of deaf people have used gestural linguistic communication: â€Å"If we hadn’t a voice or a lingua. and wanted to show things to one another. wouldn’t we try to do marks by traveling our custodies. caput. and the remainder of our organic structure. merely as dense people do at nowadays? † Sign linguistic communication is defined as a linguistic communication that uses manual communicating and organic structure linguistic communication to convey significance. Sign linguistic communication may affect at the same time uniting manus forms. orientation and motion of the custodies. weaponries or organic structure. and facial looks to show the speaker’s ideas. Sign languages exhibit the same lingual belongingss and use the same biological abilities. as do unwritten linguistic communications. Persons are propelled to increase their cognition. accomplishments. or understanding because of uncertainty. wonder. incomprehension. and uncertainness. In both noisy and tongueless universes. explicating inquiries is necessary because it may take to an reply that solves one’s larning demand ( s ) . and she may oppugn farther while unwraping more cognition and greater apprehension. Six indispensable inquiries to inquire when seeking cognition and apprehension are â€Å"who. † â€Å"what. † â€Å"where. † â€Å"when. † â€Å"why. † and â€Å"how. † â€Å"Who† is concerned with what or which people were affected/involved. â€Å"Where† is concerned with the location/position of a individual. event. or object. â€Å"When† refers to a clip or circumstance. â€Å"What† asks information to stipulate something. â€Å"Why† asks for what ground or intent did an action/event return topographic point. â€Å"Howà ¢â‚¬  Tells in what mode something occurred. Like a relentless five-year-old kid oppugning his female parent. we must neer halt inquiring â€Å"why. † It is a simple inquiry. but can be the most hard to inquire. As we mature. we stop oppugning and merely accept replies or conditions. and travel frontward with our lives. Asking â€Å"why† stimulates our heads. In our deaf-and-dumb person universe. we must foremost inquire. â€Å"Why are we deaf? † Was the virus inflicted upon the universe so we could break understand what is like to be handicapped in order to be more understanding? On the other manus. is the Earth being punished? It is hard for us to inquire â€Å"why† because we are excessively accustomed to routine. Deafness has forced me to interrupt my modus operandi. go motivated. and more originative. I have become cognizant of other attacks of communicating and diversion. I can no longer keep an unwritten conversation with a friend while sipping a cappuccino ; alternatively. we must utilize manus gestures in order to pass on. I do non pass my eventides in forepart of a telecasting set since I have to read captions ; I now prefer busying my clip with reading. throwing Frisbees. or playing tennis. We. excessively. must inquire one another â€Å"why. † Not merely does â€Å"why† function as a footing for group treatment but it will promote others to oppugn their ain modus operandis or milieus. By inquiring others â€Å"why. † we may larn how others are get bying with their newfound hearing loss. Having an unfastened forum will non merely be curative but may reenforce oppugning everything like we did as kids. Asking â€Å"when† something happened or will go on is of import when informing an person or a group. but when life in a tongueless universe. the inquiry is least of import because no 1 is certain when our hearing will be restored. We must non brood on our hearing loss ; if we do. it may do isolation and depression. I keep reminding myself. and others. we are valuable. Our focal point should be on educating one another about status. If we do non oppugn. we do non larn ; hence. we do non derive greater apprehension of a belief or construct. The most basic ground for inquiring is so we get replies. I am incognizant as to how long this worldwide hearing loss will prevail. but I intend to garner every bit much cognition so I can understand my hearing loss and aid others. excessively. By oppugning what has occurred. it allows me to be more accepting of my hearing loss and helps me to keep an unfastened head. Through the treatment and inquiring of hearing loss. I am bring outing implicit in frights and limited beliefs. therefore opening myself to all that life has to offer.

MW Petroleum Corporation (A) finance case Study

MW Petroleum Corporation (A) finance - Case Study Example Apache on the other hand is seeking to grow. This is a good opportunity for the company to do so. This transaction would be beneficial to Apache the portion of MW Petroleum that Apache is considering is located in the same general area where the company currently operates and so consolidation will further reduce costs. This should allow for increased economies of scale in the form of reduced direct operating costs and even more so overhead costs for Apache. It is cheaper for Apache to buy an existing business as it has been doing rather than carry out exploratory drilling. This acquisition will also allow the company to diversify geographically its portfolio of assets which is important when the riskiness of the operations is considered. This diversification will somewhat help to stabilize Apache’s earnings even though both gas and oil prices are highly volatile. The acquisition of Amoco will also enhance Apache’s standing among US independents and lead to even further acquisition opportunities. The company is considering further growth opportunities in the future and this represents a stepping stone that will allow Apache some amount of bargaining power and would therefore put the company in a better position to compete with other companies. It is reasonable to expect that the MV properties are more valuable to Apache than to Amoco because Apache will benefit from synergies and rationalization of expenses. Table 2 below shows the present value of the aggregate overheads that Apache could reduce substantially if the acquisition takes place. Amoco would be better off if it had cash in hand which the company could invest in more profitable ventures. Currently, the properties are not contributing substantially if any at all to the company’s overheads. Part 1 (b) The sources of value that most plausibly account for the difference between buyer and seller are: The exclusion of fields in Michigan and the Gulf of Mexico; Expected synergies; Other opportunities mentioned; and The beta value that was used. Exclusion of Fields in Michigan and the Gulf of Mexico Apache was only interested in fields containing approximately 78% of MW’s proved developed reserves and 75% of the Proved undeveloped reserves. These account f or approximately $120 million of the difference. No details were given of the percentage of the probable and possible reserves that would be included in the fields in Michigan and the Gulf of Mexico. However, these could be substantial. Assuming that these fields are in the same proportion as the proved undeveloped reserves then the total value would be approximately $906 million. This is 294 million less then the $1.2 billion that Amoco indicated that the properties were worth. See APV Calculations in the Appendix. Table 1 Reserves Total (MMBOE) Proportion included in Purchase Value included in APV Total Value Proved Developed Reserves 155.2 78.22% 121.4 247,750,571.44 316,728,901.87                   Proved Undeveloped Reserves 25.6 75% 19.2 151,257,604.86 201,676,806.48 Sub Total          399,008,176.30 518,405,708.35                   Probable Reserves    75%    145,575,867.21 194,101,156.28                   Possible Reserves    7 5%    145,125,191.13 193,500,254.84                   Total          689,709,234.64 906,007,119.47 Synergies The synergies can be quantified as some overheads would be much reduced as well as some direct operating costs. The table below shows the present value of the projected aggregate overhead expenses. Apache is expected to save a substantial portion of this approximately $201 million. Table 2 Year Aggregate Overheads PV Factor (13%) PV Cash Flow 1 36.6 0.885 32.39 2 38.7

Role Database Management Plays in Managing Data as a Business Resource Essay

Role Database Management Plays in Managing Data as a Business Resource - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the Management Information System is used to give specific advice on a particular field or application, currently MIS is also being tested for imparting knowledge to Artificially Intelligent Systems. The database technology implementation will solve all problems of file access. The management system will take care of all access right and processes like updating details and different access rights mainly of reading and writing. The implementation will require a back end and a front end. The backend will be responsible for storing data and all information like access rights and users both permanent and temporary. Accessing a backend will require a front end. Designing of front end can be done in technologies like ASP DOT Net and J2EE. For the purpose of back-end support, products from Oracle Corporation will be very useful. The back end should be installed on the server and the front end should be on every PC present in the network. The back end should also support requests made through website i.e., HTTP protocol. Another form of a DBMS system is that of DSS. This DSS or Decision Support System is an extremely flexible and interactive IT system being designed to support decision making in case the problem is not structured. This information system utilizes the decision models while depending on a database, and decision makers own insights in an interactive analytical modeling process to reach a specific decision by a specific decision maker. The transplant model is a very good example of a DSS. In this case, one can easily make an assumption related to heart and lungs related diseases and with studying the trend of transplantation, the hospitals can make a decision related to the number of donors they will the purpose of transplantation in near future.

Factors and criteria that determine which brand of mobile phones will Essay

Factors and criteria that determine which brand of mobile phones will top today and which brand will peak after that - Essay Example Consequently data is sent to a single multicast address which can then be received by any IP device2. Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) contains multicast routing protocols for IP networking. These are primarily responsible to carry many-to-many and one-to-many data distribution with the help of internet, WAN or LAN. PIM is based upon different routing protocols along with its topology3. For instance, it includes Routing Information Protocol, Intermediate System to Intermediate System, Open Shortest Path First and the Border Gateway Protocol. Following are the four important types of Protocol Independent Multicast: Multicast routers work on the basis of distribution trees which are responsible to direct the path for IP multicast traffic. It is built in the form of a network infrastructure which facilitates in the traffic delivery. The Distribution trees are built in two different types i.e. source trees and shared trees. These trees do not have any loops because the data transformation is only between the source and receiver without any disruption8. The  source distribution tree is also called the shortest-path tree. It is built using small straddling tree which is responsible to transmit data using the shortest path from source to the recipients. Each of the individual sources which are transmitting data to a particular group gives rise to another tree note. In significantly large IP Networks this leads to an extravagant quantity of trees in a single network. This incompetency is actually important for multicast distribution trees. Here, all the multicast groups are attached with a shared root irrespective of the main source. This shared root is commonly called as the rendezvous point (RP). The shared tree are also unidirectional i.e. the traffic is received at RP directly from the source. This received data is then transferred to the every single receiver but there are also certain exceptions where this rule does

William Wordsworth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

William Wordsworth - Essay Example The characterization of Tim O’Brien in the book, although fictitious, is important in generating a sense of relationship between the story and the reader in ways that explains a very profound side of war pertaining to truth. Through his various stories, O’Brien reflects on different perspectives of war and its associated notions of courage and bravery. In a story he tells, O’Brien feels like a coward because he supported or conformed to a stand he did not stood for. He attempted to try to escape the war by running away to Canada but inevitably decides to give in to social pressures of giving his service for the draft. A prominent emphasis is on the aspect of truth related to war. Occurrance does not entail truth and thus, everything that happens does not necessarily mean it is true. With this concept, O’Brien tries to stress on the fact that truth is independent of happenings but depends on feelings. As such, truth is far beyond the usual accepted truths that are created through social or cultural discourse. This also implies that something cannot be deemed untruthful is its existence is fictitious but rather such â€Å"story-truths† are central to capturing truth as they engender emotions. O’Brien used various stories to demonstrate how the truth of any story lies not in its accuracy of evidence but in its emotional connection with a receiver: listener or reader. Some stories that are narrated in the course of the book also include some that do not necessarily seem to be truthful in their conventional ways but they are true in the sense that they appeal to their audiences in ways that establish a connection. Tim O’Brien has intelligently employed his characterization in various different stories throughout the book so as to build an interest and a sense of reality of experiences. With his book, O’Brien has tried to create an

HR Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR Practices - Essay Example While the behaviors outlines the HR professional’s attributes that one needs to develop and use through the work, the bands concentrate on describing the transition from one level of professional competence to another, measuring up the contributions and outcomes of the strategic steps used in each level. The map has two core areas which represent the two core professional areas of HR practices. The first one is named, ‘Insights strategies and solutions’ and is placed at the innermost core, while the second one is the outer core of the map and is named, ‘Leading HR’. ‘Insights strategies and solutions’ concentrates on enriching HR practices by providing all the tools and facts that need to be maintained in the development of a viable HR strategy, solutions to address all issues within the strategy, and insights from external and personal experiences to help reach the right combination of strategy, outcome and solutions. These include measuring up employee and customer profiles and prioritizing political, social, and technical relationships and decisions. The ‘Leading HR’ segment concentrates on qualities required to achieve excellent personal and team leading capabilities. The section also identifies the required solutions to delive r performance and add value to HR teams led and manage HR budgets. For both the core professional areas, the Performance and Rewards band can be tested out at band four. For a senior HR professional, the use of performance and rewards strategies would lead to better performance by the junior members of the HR team. The ‘Insights strategies and solutions’ and ‘Leading HR bands are well addressed by senior HR professionals when they use a performance and rewards approach in determining each step. Attracting and retaining a diverse workforce is all about giving your organization the benefit of multi-background employees who are competent enough to understand the dynamics of different markets. Three main

Machiavelli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Machiavelli - Essay Example For hundreds of years, guidebooks had been written for rulers about how to govern; these usually focused on the lives and practices of laudable rulers who lived moral lives and tried to teach other rulers how to follow their example. Machiavelli chooses to break strikingly with this long standing and honored tradition, and write a different kind of guidebook for rulers. His guidebook did not tell rulers how to lead in an enlightened, moral way, but rather how to hold on to power, regardless of morality. This mentality was enshrined in his famous â€Å"the ends justify the means† attitude. Machiavelli’s choice to preclude moral discussions from his political analysis was bold, and had many benefits and drawbacks. Removing moral and ethical judgments from political analysis allowed Machiavelli to give a clearer guide to how to retain leadership, and differentiate traits that are praiseworthy in an individual from traits that are praiseworthy in a prince, but simultaneousl y perverted discussions of what the role of the ruler should be, focusing on how a ruler can help himself retain power rather than how to do the best thing for his subjects, necessarily. The first major benefit of Machiavelli’s choice to remove moral and ethical considerations from his political analysis is that it allows him to ask questions previous thinkers had not really been able to; instead of asking â€Å"what makes a good ruler?† he was able to ask â€Å"what makes a successful ruler?† or, put another way â€Å"what allows a ruler to achieve and to hold onto power?† This kind of thinking pervades Machiavelli’s texts – he writes that he intends his book to be a â€Å"practical text† (chapter XV), which, rather than following a line of moral absolutes, attempts to write something of â€Å"practical use to the inquirer† based on what actually happened to rulers who acted in one way or another (chapter XV). He insists that every action will lead to either â€Å"self-preservation† or â€Å"self-destruction† and that the primary goal of any ruler most be for all of his actions to be consistent with the former rather than the latter. Machiavelli, by eschewing moral questions, is able to focus on a completely different aspect of rulership than previous thinkers were able to. Focusing solely on how to achieve and hold on to power sounds a bit – well, Machiavellian for lack of a better term, selfish and disinterested with other’s wellbeing. Machiavelli’s focus on the maintenance of power is not, however, solely beneficial to the prince that takes his advice, but can also be of great benefit to the entire population. A ruler who behaves in a â€Å"self-destructive† way will surely be weak to attacks, and eventually others will try to attack his position and gain his princedom for their own. Such weak rulers who constantly have to spend time and energy defending their position always have less resources to put towards the public good, and the population suffers. Furthermore, weak rulers often invite anarchy, which can be much more damaging to a society than a slightly tyrannical leader. So, depending on the situation, Machiavelli’s admittedly cold advice could benefit not only the prince but also his population. Being able to ask and answer very different types of questions than previous thinkers had been able to was only one of the many benefit of Machiavelli’s amoral political analysis. Another major one was the ability to differentiate between qualities that are admirable in an individual versus qualities that are admirable or desirable in a leader. One of the prime examples Machiavelli uses to demonstrate the differences is the quality of generosity versus miserliness. Though generosity is obviously an excellent and admirable quality to have as an individual, Machiavelli

George Washimgton Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

George Washimgton - Annotated Bibliography Example Biographers identify the family home at Bridges Creek, near Potomac, in Westmoreland County as Washington’s birthplace (Thayer 7). Washington’s family had owned tobacco plantations and slaves and his father Augustine Washington had entered iron mining works. Washington was the â€Å"eldest son of Augustine Washington and his second wife, Mary Ball Washington, who were prosperous Virginia gentry of English descent (Ameslab.gov). It is a startling piece of information is that George Washington had not gained formal education and his informal education includes variety of subjects such as mathematics, the Classics, surveying, map making and the rules of civility. After the death of his father George Washington went to live with his half brother Lawrence at Mount Vernon and Lawrence treated Washington as his son. Young Washington has six siblings including Lawrence, Samuel, Elizabeth, John Augustine and Charles. Lawrence had married to the great Fairfax family in Virginia and Lawrence’s care and moral support provided inspiration to young Washington’s life. The Virginians played a prominent and influential role in Washington’s life in developing a prolific career. George Washington is widely accepted as the ‘father of his country’ and with his distinguished service as a military general contributed prolific victories for revolutionary army in independence struggle. Washington’s military service was not popularly appreciated because it lacked a series of conquests and large scale battles. Anyhow, Washington’s military career emphasised effective leadership, strategic, tactical expertise and trained. Washington’s early military life began in the French and English battle for capturing the control of the upper Ohio Valley (McJoynt). He had started his military career as a commander who led Virginian expeditions in the Western territory in 1754. After some minor

Dressed All in Pink Essay Example for Free

Dressed All in Pink Essay Literary Ballad A literary ballad is a poem written by a specific author. These ballads are not set to music. An example of a literary ballad would be Dudley Randalls ballad Dressed All In Pink Dressed All In Pink by Dudley Randall It was a wet and cloudy day when the prince took his last ride. The prince rode with the gonernor, and his princess rode beside. And would you like to ride inside for shelter from the rain? No Ill ride outside, where I can wave and speak to my friends again. They ride among the cheering crowds, he young prince and his mate. The governor says, See how they smile and cheer you where they wait. The prince rides with the governor, his princess rides beside, dressed all in pink as delicate as roses of a bride. Pink as a rose the princess rides, but bullets from a gun turn that pink to as deep a red as red, red blood can run, for she bends to where the prince lies still and cradles his shattered head, and there that pink so delicate is stained a deep, deep red. the princess rides beside, and her dress of pink so delicate deep, deep red is dyed. Jackie Kennedy is the princess -iambic tetrameter -rhyming scheme: abcb -the dress symbolizes the country itself falling from grace -colour imagery of pink as roses and red as blood -princess is described in colour -dyed at the end has a double meaning -dress is said to be as pink as roses but roses are also a deep shade of red, but the dress is not referred to a rose when it is covered in blood -Pink is the colour of innocence and it turning red is significant in dis playing the loss of innocence

Assess the social implications of business ethics Essay Example for Free

Assess the social implications of business ethics Essay Environment- the environment can affect the human activity. So for example; global warming which is the warming of the planet’s surface that is caused by carbon dioxide. In order to run a business efficiently they would need to make sure that their customers are aware of all the environmentally friendly activities that they do and that they are not harming the environment in anyway as some customers do take keeping environment healthy seriously. Sainsbury’s is really cautious about caring about the environmental and being eco-friendly and making sure that they are not causing any damage to the areas around them. They take the climate change seriously. They are concerned about the impact that they have on the environment. Their aim is to reduce the carbon footprint, reduce packaging and reducing waste. Sainsbury’s are concerned about the impact that they have on the environment, also with the career bags they give they make sure that they only take out the amount of bags that they need so that the bags are wasted. They want to make sure that they are making a continuous improvement with the environment so that it is not harming anyone. Sainsbury’s do not want to harm the industrial areas in anyway, and that is why wherever they are located is always safe where it would not cause any damage to the people or the planet. They want the climate to be good and they know what ways it could affect it and what they need to do in order to prevent causing damage and staying away from trouble. In order to improve this Sainsbury’s can make sure that anything that they do does not affect the environment and maybe before making any major changes they take advices from their local areas in what they think and how and what could be done to improve it. They could also charge for the bags so that the customers do not start asking for more bags then they already need. Sainsbury’s could also keep publishing information on environmental performance so everyone realises how important it is to look after the environment. Trading fairly- these are the rules the businesses need to follow which include; the business needs to run in an open manner, competition can only happen in between companies that belong to equal parties and making sure their customers are satisfied and are feeling secured with the business’s products and the quality of the products. All usinesses need to make sure that they are honest to their customers and are describing their products as it is to their customers so that they do not get angry by getting the wrong information. Sainsbury’s use many products that are organic and make many fair-trade products such as; fresh fruits. They need to make sure all their products are traded fairly and are pay ing their suppliers and employees fairly and make sure they are now paying them below the national minimum wage. They cannot cheat on their employee by providing them with the wrong information about the product or charge their customers extra for the product. All businesses need to follow all the rules and regulations in order to run ethically. Legal and regulatory compliance- all businesses must follow all the laws and regulations that have been set because if they do not agree to following the rules they would not be running the business ethically. Every organisation must be truthful to their customers and provide them with the correct information about the product and also not overcharge them for any of their goods and services. Sainsbury’s need to make sure that they are following the legislations and regulations so that they are not doing that is against the law. They want their business to be running with health and safety so that no one is harmed by it. They try recruiting staff as possible so that they are not the cause of unemployment, they plan their business properly so that they do not have to face any trouble in the long term and they have been doing that quite well as this is the reason why they are running successfully, they care about the environment and do not want to cause pollution that is why they produce sustainable products. They treat their workers right and follow the rules of not making them work more than they are supposed to, take disadvantage of them, they keep record of all workers and makes sure it’s available for authorities. They make sure they are treating their customers with respect and are not letting them down in any way. Bribery- this is when a business uses money to sort out the behaviour of the receiver. Sainsbury’s have always stuck to the laws so they haven’t really been through bribery or in other words ‘corruption. They are always assuring of their plans that they make. They would not do anything that would be illegal. They would not take any actions that would later on make a negative impact on the industry although they could bribe the local government by giving them extra money so that they government would let them do things that they wouldn’t let other businesses do. In order to improve their performance Sainsbury’s could measure their l evel of corruption and identify their weaknesses. This would help them to improve ways to meet the standards of their customers and all the other people who are a part of their business and figure out how to improve and resolve any other problems that could occur in the future. Animal testing- this is used to figure out whether a product is safe and effective. The production of goods can lead to ethical issues, which Sainsbury’s are against. Almost all businesses test their products on animals before selling it in the market. However Sainsbury’s do not approve of this as they believe that animals should be treated fairly and with respect so they are constantly working to raise welfare standards. From giving pigs happier lives through improved farming methods, to ensure that their own-label cosmetics meet the Humane Cosmetics Standard and increasing their range of freedom food products, which meet strict RSPCA guidelines. They offer wide ranges of higher welfare foods and cosmetics at any UK retailer but all Sainsbury’s products are free from animal testing.

Pros And Cons Of Internet Banking Information Technology Essay

Pros And Cons Of Internet Banking Information Technology Essay The rise of the Internet has fueled an important question across the banking industry of whether it is time to renounce to the branches and provide banking products services solely over the Internet or combine clicks n bricks. The objective of the paper is to compare two business models: the click and mortar model that complements both classical branch banking and online facilities with the one that aims using exclusively cutting-edge Internet technology, the so called: pure Internet banking. Keywords: Internet banking, performance, client orientation Introduction The current global economic situation determined banks to focus on performance and on increasing the revenue brought by the existing customers. Given the context, banks tend to reorient towards the cost effective distribution channels, in order to minimize distribution costs. Probably the most important cost effective distribution channel for the banking sector is the Internet. That is why, since the rise of Internet, bankers had to decide whether it is time to renounce to the branches and provide banking products services solely over the Internet or combine clicks n bricks. Both alternatives have strengths and weaknesses, advantages and disadvantages. The set of advantages that the use of Internet might bring for banks is quite consistent. Among them (see fig. 1), we mention: the almost unlimited mobility that such channel offers to the banks clients; the multiple possibilities that exist in terms of interconnecting the Internet-based financial platforms with other systems; the reduced costs that such a distribution channel implies etc. On the other hand, the complexity and dynamism of the Internet also implies considerable risks. Internet banking products bring a high level of transactional risks, particularly if such a line of business is not adequately planned, implemented and monitored. [2] Transactional risks are mainly arising from fraud, error and the inability to properly manage confidential information. Fig 1. Internet Banking s main advantages [1] Nowadays, all Internet banking applications must meet a minimum set of security requirements, such as: communications confidentiality and integrity datas integrity and confidentiality authenticity for all parties involved in transactions protection of personal data protection against identity substitution and informations transmission under false identity protection against interception of information transferred between the client and the bank traceability of transactions business continuity for all services offered to customers prevention, detection and monitoring all unauthorized access in the system restoration of the systems information in case of natural calamities or unpredictable events etc [3] In considering the merits of branch banking, we cannot do better than remember the advice given to bankers by Mr. Rae in his excellent work, The Country Banker. He remarks that no bank ought to open a branch unless possibly for the following reasons: 1st. It should be advantageous for the customers of that bank. 2nd. There should be a possibility of new business being obtained. 3rd. That the branch may act as a connecting link to other branches. Possibly the greatest use of branches is that they find an outlet for surplus capital. Thus if money cannot be employed to advantage at one branch, yet there might exist a demand for capital at another, and consequently none of the resources of the bank remain unemployed. If the surplus funds of a bank can always be utilised at a profit, it follows that a higher rate of interest can be given for deposits.[4] For small towns a branch is more advantageous than any other method of gaining market share, because a limited customer environment can be better served by a focused and personalized approach. Also, there is no doubt that the establishment of branches by the existing banks can be a method of preventing competition from opening branches in the same area. Above all, security issues can make customers consider that branch banking is superior to Internet banking, because there is better trust in the traditional transactional system. Body of Paper Pros and Cons of Internet banking Pros: Lowered transaction costs: Internet is probably the most important cost effective distribution channel for the banking sector, primarily due to two factors: widespread Internet access and its low costs, which minimizes transaction processing costs, and the reduction of the number of brick and mortars branches required to service an equivalent number of customers, which dramatically lowers overhead costs [5]. Convenience: Unlike a banks branch, Internet banking sites never close; theyre available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and theyre only a mouse click away.   Ubiquity: If a money problem arises while clients are out of their residence state or out of the country, they can log on instantly to the Internet banking application and take care of business-24/7.   Transaction speed: Internet banking sites generally execute and confirm transactions at or quicker than ATM processing speeds.   Efficiency: Clients can access and manage all of their accounts, including Individual Retirement Accounts, CDs, even securities, from one secure site.   Effectiveness: Many Internet banking sites offer sophisticated tools, including account aggregation, stock quotes, rate alerts and portfolio managing programs to help clients manage all of their assets more effectively. Most are also compatible with money managing programs.[6] Higher loyalty rates: Pure Internet bankers show slightly higher loyalty rates than their multi-channel counterparts. According to a study conducted in 2000 in the USA, 84 percent of Internet bankers had only one banking relationship, while 79 percent of multi-channel bankers had one relationship.[5] Younger public: Pure Internet bankers are more youthful than the multi-channel bankers. In accordance with the above mentioned study, forty-four percent of pure Internet bankers were 35 and younger, compared to 30% of the multi-channel bankers.[5] Cons: Trust: Trusting an Internet banking system is an issue for two main reasons: identity theft and operator error. If clients use a non-secure wireless Internet connection, it might not be a good idea to use online banking. Its quite easy for a savvy ID thief to view the personal information of the clients. In regards to operator error, some users worry that they might have pushed the transfer button too much, or not enough.[6] Risks: Internet banking sites bring a high level of risks, such as: operational, legal, reputational or systemic risks and even strategic risks. Internet banking does not necessary open up new risk categories, but rather accentuates the risks that any bank faces. Security controls: Security controls need special attention because of the open nature of the Internet and the pace of technological change. Specific focus areas include: Authentication-This means ensuring customers are verified and their identities established before conducting business over the Internet. Passwords, biometric methods, challenge-response systems, public key infrastructure are some of the ways of strengthening authentication. There is a growing trend towards single-sign-on applications, where the customer needs only a single ID to access his entire relationship. These increase the risk of compromise. Nonrepudiation-Banks should make certain that customers who transact on the Internet cannot later deny having originated the transactions. Using techniques like PKI (digital certificates), strong nonrepudiation can be achieved. However, legal enforceability in many countries is still suspect. Segregation of duties-As in any traditional process, segregation of duties is vital to prevent perpetration of fraud by any one individual.[7] Delays in account activation: Customers may need to face a waiting period between signing up for Internet banking and receipt of the ID and password necessary for account activation and also make other arrangements in case their access is temporarily denied because of various reasons. Also, the clients might need some time to get accustomed with the banks website and set up account information. Delays in processing the payments: Even if the Internet banking platforms can be accessed 24 hours / day, the majority of the payments are processed only within the working hours of the banks. That is why, if clients choose to pay bills online, they have to make sure that recipients are capable of processing electronic payments in time. Otherwise, it may take several days for the payments to be credited to the right accounts, which could result in accumulated late charges. Lack of official proof of payment: If something goes wrong with the online money transactions (errors, late charges etc), clients might need official proofs of the payments they did. The fastest way to obtain such a proof is by printing out a hard copy of the payment order directly from the system. Unfortunately, in most of the cases, the printings are not considered official proofs so in order to get some; clients will have to visit the nearest banks branch. Technical problems: Any system that comprises complex technology needs maintenance and it is prone to occasional technical problems. Under such circumstances, Internet banking applications might be temporarily unusable, which means that the clients cannot access their accounts. Rapid obsolescence of the sites layout: Internet banking sites change very fast. Even the largest banks, periodically upgrade their online programs, adding new features in unfamiliar places. In some cases, clients can be perplexed by such changes. Lack of human touch: There are many devotees to community banking to say that such ways to interact with a bank are not successful because people are dependent to face-to-face banking services. In their opinion, the lack of human contact is frustrating to customers.[1] Pros and Cons of branch banking Pros: Security The branch banking is less risky than Internet banking and has greater capacity to handle risks. The losses incurred by some branches may be offset by the profits earned by other branches.[9] Diversification A branch banking organization can easily diversify its sources and uses of funds among various users. It can direct funds into a market requiring financing. Deposits are received from the areas where lots of savings and loans are extended in those areas where funds are scarce and interest rates are high.[9] Large-scale operations Under branch banking system, a bank with a considerable number of branches usually processes huge financial resources and enjoys the benefits of large-scale operations. Over the Internet, clients tend to operate only with smaller amounts of money. Low degree of customers specialization Traditional banking implies less-skilled and less affluent clients than Internet banking. It is a fact that in order to be able to use Internet banking applications clients need the right technical facilities and minimal Internet and computer knowledge. Legislative stability State laws governing the organizational structure of branch banking are stable and clear compared with the legislative framework that governs the virtual environment. In terms of the internets legislative framework things can be radically different from one country to another. Specialized consultancy Community banking implies the presence of highly trained and experienced staff in the branches. This personnel is appointed to certain categories of clients and contributes directly to an increased efficiency of the bank client relationship. Cash transactions are possible Even perpetual declines in the demand for cash transactions are a reality, such phenomenon pose no real threat to the traditional methods that involve paper money. Those kinds of transactions (cash based) continue to be an important part of each and every economy. Higher rates of deposit attraction: Based on the lack of liquidity that occurs at the international level, one of the highest priority items right now for bankers is the deposit attraction. It is much efficient to attract deposits through physical branches than it is by using remote deposit capture (RDC  [1]  ) systems. Tradition: The classical branch banking is hard to compare with the Internet banking in the field of establishing close personal relationship with the customers, owing to considerations such as: the short term experience and tradition that Internet banking has; the differences in the cultural backgrounds of the clients etc. Cons: Costs bank branches are not cheap to set up. Depending on the  banks development goals and the jurisdiction the bank chooses, new branches may need to be started. Setting up a new branch may mean steep legal fees, corporate or account registration fees and in some cases banks are even required to own property (immobile) in the country in which they intend to operate. Insufficient parking spaces extensive urbanization is largely responsible for one of the most common todays problem: insufficient parking spaces in downtown and suburban areas of cities. If we add traffic congestions to it, we might find a good reason for customers to renounce visiting a banks branch. Personnel risks: The vast majority of staff in any bank is trustworthy and honest. However, banks are now beginning to realize and understand the scale of the threat posed by the small proportion of staff who act dishonestly and defraud their employer [10]. Following recent complaints, Brasov Police (Romania) applied to Credit Europe Bank a penalty of 50,000 lei and ordered to repay the stolen money to the injured clients within 15 days. It has been determined that the local director of operations, three operators and a cashier made fraudulent banking transactions on behalf of the banks clients, diverting more than 2 mil Euros in the past 7 years.[11] Insufficient specialized personnel: Sometimes, the expansion of banks in certain new locations exceeds the possibilities that the local labor markets have in terms of specialized staff. Under such circumstances banks have to headhunt local specialists, relocate internal employees or train new ones. All those solutions involve considerable costs. Conclusions The choice of whether or not to renounce to the click and mortar model of banking in favor of banking online, depends on many variables. Although the benefits of online banking are undeniable, there are some inconveniences and concerns of which bankers should be aware before making such an important strategic move. A comparative study conducted by the Research Institute of Applied Economics in 2008, over four important European countries (Finland, Spain, Italy and the UK) shows that the performance of different online banking models over the period 1995-2004 are not worse in terms of average returns to assets (or equity) than the ones obtained by the branch banking models. The study also reveals the fact that Internet banks are hard to distinguish from banks that adopt both click and mortar strategies. Country specific features appear to be more important in explaining differences across banks. That is why the researchers explain the performance of banks by a group of selected bank-specific features, but also add country-specific macroeconomic indicators and information technology related ratios. The strategic initiative of banking groups to incorporate internet banks seems to reflect some competitive edge that these banks have in their business models. The management of these banks is generally more capable of handling personnel and other costs. Personnel expenses are comparatively low, but the costs for IT are disproportionately high.[12] Others studies show that multi-channel banks draw highest traffic rates on their Internet banking platforms than the pure Internet banks, due to their off-line channels, brand awareness and existing customer base.[5] Under the same current of opinion there is a thesis according to which clients interested in value added products still prefer interaction with a physical branch. It is a fact that Internet banks need to reach a minimum dimension in order to become profitable. That is why good client adoption rate is a must for the Internet banks. Unfortunately this rate does not depend solely on the skills of the initiators but also on some external factors to the banking industry (egg: the percentage of households with access to internet at home, mass access to the specific technology, a higher broadband penetration rate etc). In terms of client adoption rates, trust is also very important. Even if the clients can see the benefits of Internet banking, they may be unwilling to subscribe if they do not trust or have much experience with the Internet. On the other hand, people may only sign up for limited services like account viewing. This will save them from safety concerns but will still give them daily access to account activity.[13]Under the circumstances, we should expect that the impact of Internet banks may not be strong enough to affect the branch banking system as a whole. However, Internet banks certainly contribute to increase transparency on specific products, like current accounts, allowing for comparisons among banks that were previously more difficult. [12]

Gay and Lesbian Visibility in Movies and Television :: essays research papers fc

The 1990s saw surge of gay characters in both television and movies. From Ellen Degeneres and her character Ellen Morgan coming out under much scrutiny on the TV show ‘Ellen,’ to Julia Roberts and Rupert Everett comedically playing off each other in the motion picture ‘My Best Friend’s Wedding.’ Sure, gays and lesbians have been around forever, especially in Hollywood. But never has there been a time to be more out. With the popularity of shows like Will and Grace, which feature leading gay characters, as well as Dawson’s Creek and it’s supporting character of teenager Jack McPhee, we are slowly seeing gay and lesbian characters creeping into the mainstream media.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The family unit has always been a treasured and revered dynamic on television and in movies. Dating all the way back to I Love Lucy, storylines focused on the relationship between man and woman. Ozzie and Harriet introduced us to the quintessential American family—father in a suit, mother in pearls, and two exceptional children. It wasn’t until the 1970s that gay characters and lifestyles began to emerge. In 1973, An American Family, a PBS series featured one of the family’s sons revealing his homosexuality. In 1977, the television show Soap costarred Billy Crystal as an openly gay man. In the 1980s, it became trendy to feature gay and lesbian characters in ensemble casts. If you watch reruns, you can always find the token gay, that is, the really flaming homo or the butch lesbian gym teacher. The motion picture Mannequin, starring Andrew McCarthy and Kim Catrall, featured Meshach Taylor as Hollywood, an eccentric, finger-snapping homosexual. Many stereotypes such as these continued until the early nineties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1991, on LA Law, two women share the first same sex kiss on prime time television. A few years later, NBC’s hit show FRIENDS featured Ross Gellar’s ex wife as a lesbian, raining a child with her female partner. At the same time, the FOX network censored a gay same sex kiss on Melrose Place, a show known for pushing limits. Around the same time, censors and right wing groups were up in arms over a kiss shared by Roseanne and Mariel Hemmingway. In the end, that kiss was also censored. But things were slowly evolving in the movies. Independent films had been featuring gays and lesbians as main characters, depicting real life and real relationships. Armistead Maupin’s Tales of The City revolved around a homo-hetero pairing.

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Introduction The relationship among human personalities and social media addiction has both attract attention of not just psychologists but the public as well. Human personalities Social media can be use in both healthy and unhealthy ways depending on the individuals, whether are making use social media to its potential or abusing the right one have causing addiction towards social media making it having similar side effects as substance addiction. Aim of this literature review is to discuss human personalities with the Big Five Personalities Traits as the base of personalities towards the usage social media addiction would either be benefiting or marginalising each individual. Human personalities Studies of human personality has brought great influence and impact towards our society describing how we behave, perceive and state how each person is different from others. The Big Five Personalities Traits is describe as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism known to be sufficient measure and the base of describing a person personality stated by many psychologists ( McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. C., Jr. 1987 ; Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. 1992) Social media addiction Social media is a massive technological publisher spreading news, discoveries and information through the internet, due to it allows people to connect not affected by time or distance, people can form relationship, business negotiating, political and especially for personal usage, making it to become extremely popular. Social media addiction known as one of the major problems that prevent people from face to face interaction while people are mainly focused on technology devices, is affecting not just youngsters but elders can be also ad... ...ng along with others which makes them unconcerned of others and less likely to extend themselves. Neuroticism Neuroticism is described as the tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily such as anger, anxiety, depression, or vulnerability. Neuroticism also refers to the degree of emotional stability and impulse control and is sometimes referred to by its low pole, "emotional stability". ( Ehrenberg, Jukes, White, &Walsh , 2008) reported that people who is high in neuroticism had greater instant messaging use, because instant messaging provides additional time for individuals to contemplate their responses making neurotic people are more at ease comparing to face-to-face interaction. Individuals are low in neuroticism are less easily upset and are less emotionally reactive. They tend to be calm, emotionally stable, and free from persistent negative feelings

The House on Mango Street Feminist Elements :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

The House on Mango Street Feminist Elements Sandra Cisneros reveals her feminist views through her novel The House on Mango Street. She does this by forcing the reader to see the protagonist as an alienated artist and by creating many strong and intelligent female characters who serve as the protagonist's inspiration. The idea of the alienated artist is very common in feminist works. Esperanza, the protagonist, is alienated from the rest of society in many ways. Her Latino neighborhood seems to be excluded from the rest of the world, while Esperanza is also separated from the other members of her community. Members of other cultures are afraid to enter the neighborhood because they believe it is dangerous. Esperanza seems to be the only one who refuses to just accept Mango Street, and she dreams of someday leaving it behind. She is considered an artist because she has an extremely creative imagination which creates a conflict with the type of liberal individuality she seeks. This creative "genius survives even under the most adverse conditions..." (Gagnier 137). To escape the pain of this division, Esperanza turns to writing. She says, "I put it down on paper and then the ghost does not ache so much" (Cisneros 110). Gagnier sees a "distinction of the writer who nonetheless sees herself as somehow different, separate..." (137). Mango Street consists of mostly female characters. These characters are strong and inspirational, but they are unable to escape the suppression of the surrounding environment. According to one critic, "The girl's mother, for instance, has talent and brains, but lacks practical knowledge about society because, says Esperanza, Mexican men 'don't like their women strong' " (Matchie 69-70). It is Esperanza's mother who tells her to never be ashamed because shame can only hinder her dreams. In "The Three Sisters", the women tell Esperanza that she is special and remind her not to forget where she came from when she finally makes it out of Mango Street. This inspiration makes Esperanza understand that she must help others who aren't as fortunate to leave as she is. Esperanza is a very strong woman in herself. Her goals are not to forget her "reason for being" and "to grow despite the concrete" so as to achieve a freedom that's not separate from togetherness.

Experimental And Control Group Health And Social Care Essay

In the treatment subdivision, the research worker draws decisions about the significance and deductions of the determination. This subdivision tries to unknot what the consequences mean, why things turned out the manner they did and how the consequences can be used in pattern.Personal features of the experimental and control groupTable I- Explains the personal features of the health professionals in experimental and control group. The information says most of the health professionals are aged between 31-40yrs, females, educated and un employed. The present survey findings are supported by a survey done earlier by Mohammed Shinde ( 2009 ) , to measure the effectivity of presentation sing eating of hemiplegia patient among health professionals. Major happening in the survey include bulk of the health professionals are in the age group of 28-37yrs.53-63 % were females.40-60 % were unemployed.70-80 % were married.Data ‘s sing health professionals experience in eating and beginning of directionTable II-Explains the information ‘s sing health professionals experience in eating and beginning of direction. The findings revealed most of the health professionals were 2-3 yearss of experience in feeding the patient through nasogastric tubing. All health professionals received some kind of instructions sing tubing eating, but bulk of them did n't have any instructions from professional medical forces alternatively they got the instructions from their ain relations. The present survey findings are supported by a survey done earlier by Jeanie kayser ( 1990 ) who investigated attitudes of patients, household members, nurses, and doctors towards the usage of nasogastric tubing eating in three nursing places. His findings disclosed unequal communicating among wellness attention suppliers, patients, and households, and that some households did non cognize the demand of the tubing and they perceived the tubings were being inserted for the convenience of the nursing place staff. The present survey findings besides supported by a survey done earlier by. Elaine Wittenberg ( 2001 ) on cognition and accomplishment of health professionals sing the attention of the patient. The consequence showed many household health professionals did non hold the necessary accomplishments and cognition to supply sustained attention for a individual with chronic unwellness, so they lacked assurance and felt un-prepared. Health professionals reported that they received small counsel from wellness suppliers, that they did non cognize how to presume health professionals function, that they were non familiar with the type and sum of attention needed, and that they did non cognize how to entree and utilize resources.Degree of cognition of experimental and control groupTables III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX & A ; X explain the degree of cognition sing nasogastric tubing eating before and after the intercession. Table III explains the overall cognition degree of experimental and control group before and after intercession. In both experimental and command group all samples ( 100 % ) showed hapless cognitions degree before intercession. After intercession the experimental group showed important betterment in the degree of cognition whereas the control group remained in the same pre-intervention cognition position. The present survey revealed that, the degree of cognition was increased in experimental group who received the information, whereas in the control group there was no betterment in the degree of cognition. Table IV shows all the samples from both experimental and control group had hapless cognition in different facets of tubing feeding like consciousness of the tubing, technique of eating and complications before intercession. Whereas 95 % of samples showed good cognition sing provender and nutrition. Table V demonstrates the cognition degree of experimental and control group in different facets of tubing eating after intercession. The survey reveals that the experimental group had a important addition in the degree of cognition in different facet of tubing eating after the intercession but the control group showed the same pre-intervention cognition position. Table VI shows the comparing of overall mean cognition mark of experimental and control group before and after intercession and its degree of significance. Here the information suggest that the mean cognition mark of experimental and control group are the same before intercession ( average score 20 ) and after intercession mean mark of control group is higher than the average mark of experimental group. So, harmonizing to hypothesis ( H1 ) , there is important difference in the cognition mark on tubing eating among health professionals between the experimental and the control group after intercession and no significance difference before intercession. Present survey findings are supported by the survey done by Janie Kayser ( 1998 ) to measure the effectivity of a preparation programme on the cognition and caring ability of the household health professionals of AIDS patients. The consequence revealed that the experimental group had a significantly higher degree of cognition and caring ability after undergoing preparation programme. Table VII nowadayss mean cognition mark of experimental and control group before intercession and degree of significance. Both group demonstrated a low mean cognition mark of 0.90 % to 12.85 % in the facets of consciousness of the tubing, technique and complications before intercession. Both group showed a high cognition mark of 57 % -63 % with respect to feed and nutrition. The tabular array concluded that no important difference was found in cognition about tubing, technique and complication in control and experimental group, but a important difference was seen in the mean cognition sing provender and nutrition in control group compared to experimental group. Table VIII nowadayss mean cognition mark of experimental and control group after intercession and degree of significance. The experimental group showed a high mean cognition score ranged from 72 % to 91 % in different facets of tubing eating after intercession. But the control group showed a similar low mean mark form. Study consequence showed that a important difference in the mean cognition mark of the all countries in cognition among experimental group compared to command group after intercession. Table IX nowadayss mean cognition mark of experimental group before and after intercession and degree of significance. Experimental group showed a low mean cognition score ranged from 4.09 % to 12.85 % in the facets of consciousness of the tubing, technique and complications before intercession. The highest mark of cognition was seen in with respect to feed and nutrition ( 57.6 % ) .Whereas after intercession experimental group demonstrated a high mean mark ranged from 72.7 % to 91.22 % ..Statistically a important difference was seen in all the facets of cognition like consciousness of the tubing, provender and nutrition, technique and complications in the experimental group after intercession compared to pre-intervention position. Table Ten shows mean cognition mark of control group on baseline and subsequent observation and degree of significance. The control group showed a low cognition mean mark ranged from 0.90 % to 10 % in the facets of consciousness of the tubing, technique and complication before intercession. The highest mark of cognition was seen with respect to feed and nutrition ( 63.07 % ) .In subsequent observation besides control group showed a similar form of cognition mean mark like that of baseline observation.Degree of technique of experimental and control groupTables XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII & A ; XVIII explain the degree of technique sing nasogastric tubing eating before and after the intervention.- Table Eleven nowadayss frequence and per centum of experimental and control group on overall technique before and after intervention.70 % of the samples had good or mean degree of technique before intercession and 6 samples showed hapless technique whereas after intercession all the samples in the group were demonstrated first-class feeding techniques. The samples from the control group retained in the same technique degree of norm and hapless, before and after intercession The present survey revealed that, the degree of technique was increased in experimental group who received the presentation, whereas in the control group there was no betterment in the degree of technique. Table Twelve nowadayss frequence and per centum of experimental and control group harmonizing to degree of assorted facets of tubing eating technique before intercession. In both experimental and control group bulk of the samples had norm or hapless readying and technique whereas in aftercare both group exhibited good patterns. Table Thirteen nowadayss frequence and per centum of experimental and control group harmonizing to degree of assorted facets of tubing eating technique after intercession. In the experimental group, after intercession all the 20 samples ( 100 % ) had first-class degree of technique in assorted facets of tubing feeding like readying for eating, technique of eating and aftercare. The control group showed a similar form of hapless technique mean mark as in baseline observation. The tabular array concluded that there was an addition in the degree of technique sing nasogastric tubing eating in experimental group after intercession. Table Fourteen nowadayss comparing of overall mean technique mark of experimental and control group before and after intercession and degree of significance. Study revealed that both group had an about similar low technique mean mark before intercession. But after intercession the experimental group showed a high mean technique mark whereas the control group retained in their baseline technique degree. So, harmonizing to hypothesis ( H2 ) , there is a important difference in the technique mark on tubing eating among health professionals between the experimental and the control group after intercession and no significance difference was observed before intercession. Present survey findings was supported by the survey done by Mohammed Shinde ( 2009 ) , quasi-experimental survey to measure the effectivity of presentation sing eating of hemiplegia patient among health professionals. The consequence showed, in both unwritten and nasogastric eating, the experimental group had important betterment in accomplishment mark of health professionals about eating of hemiplegic patients after presentation. Table Fifteen nowadayss mean technique mark of experimental and control group in different facets tube feeding before intercession and degree of significance. The information ‘s suggests no important difference was seen in the countries of technique, aftercare in experimental and control group before intercession, but important difference was seen in readying in experimental group compared to command group before intercession. Table Sixteen nowadayss mean technique mark of experimental and control group in different facets of tubing eating after intercession and degree of significance. The information ‘s suggest important difference in the countries of readying, technique and aftercare in experimental group compared to command group after intercession. Table Seventeen nowadayss mean technique mark of experimental group before and after intercession and degree of significance. The present survey showed important betterment in all the countries of technique sing tube eating like readying, technique and aftercare in the experimental group after intercession compared to pre-intervention position. Table Eighteen nowadayss mean technique mark of control group on baseline and subsequent observation and degree of significance. The present survey showed no important difference in all the countries of techniques of tubing feeding like readying, techniques and aftercare in control group on baseline and subsequent observation.Association of survey variables with selected demographic variablesTable XIX presents association between demographic variables and techniques of feeding before intercession. The present survey shows a important association between the beginning of direction and technique of feeding before intercession whereas no association elicited between age, sex, business with technique of feeding before intervention.. Present survey findings are supported by the survey done by Mohammed Shinde ( 2009 ) , quasi-experimental survey to measure the effectivity of presentation sing eating of hemiplegia patient among health professionals. The consequence showed no important relationship of feeding pattern with respect to age, sex, instruction, business and matrimonial position.